The element³ protocol is the result of a rigorous selection process — only the most bioavailable, clinically-vetted compounds were chosen to support the specific complexities of female physiology. We believe in radical transparency, because understanding how your body works is the first step in reclaiming how it feels.
Explore the 29 active ingredients that earned their place in the element³ protocol. Each selection is a Sage choice — standardised for potency and chosen for its proven impact on a woman's cellular health, hormonal rhythm, and cognitive performance.
Ashwagandha is an adaptogenic herb from the root of Withania somnifera that h...
12 research articles→
Hops extract supplement is derived from the female flower cones of Humulus lu...
5 research articles→
L-theanine is a non-protein amino acid found almost exclusively in the Camell...
2 research articles→
Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) is a perennial herb from the mint family fou...
3 research articles→
Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) is a flowering vine used in traditional ...
2 research articles→
Valerian root (Valeriana officinalis) is a perennial flowering plant whose ro...
4 research articles→
Aquamin™ Calcium is a marine-derived mineral complex harvested from red algae...
2 research articles→
Iron is an essential trace mineral found in red meat, legumes, and dark leafy...
1 research article→
Magnesium citrate is a well-absorbed organic salt of magnesium bound to citri...
1 research article→
Selenium is an essential trace mineral found in Brazil nuts, seafood, and who...
2 research articles→
Zinc amino acid chelate is a highly bioavailable form of zinc bound to amino ...
2 research articles→
Dose in element³ RISE (AM Formula): 0.7mg (700mcg RAE) Form Retinyl acetate —...
2 research articles→
Vitamin B1 (thiamine hydrochloride) is a water-soluble B vitamin found in who...
1 research article→
Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble essential vitamin found in animal products inc...
1 research article→
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is a water-soluble B vitamin found in dairy, eggs, an...
1 research article→
Vitamin B3 (niacin and niacinamide) is a water-soluble B vitamin found in pou...
1 research article→
Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) is a water-soluble B vitamin found in avocado, ...
1 research article→
Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble B vitamin found in poultry, bananas, and chickp...
2 research articles→
Biotin is a water-soluble B vitamin found in eggs, nuts, and sweet potatoes t...
1 research article→
L-Methylfolate Calcium is the biologically active form of folate, a water-sol...
1 research article→
Vitamin C is a water-soluble essential vitamin found in citrus fruits, capsic...
1 research article→
Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is a fat-soluble secosteroid hormone precursor s...
1 research article→
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant found in almonds, sunflower seeds, and...
1 research article→
Vitamin K2 MK-7 (menaquinone-7) is a fat-soluble vitamin found in natto (ferm...
2 research articles→Instead of chasing individual symptoms, we target the foundational systems that drive your daily experience — from sharpening mental focus and stabilising the stress response to optimising cellular hydration and deepening restorative sleep.
Supports cellular energy production and helps maintain a healthy metabolism.
Provides daily prebiotic fibre and postbiotics to support digestive health and maintain a healthy microbiome.
Promotes deep restorative sleep and supports the bodies natural overnight cellular recovery.
Formulated with powerful antioxidants to support general health.
Combines targeted gut-brain postbiotics and active B-vitamins to support healthy nervous system function and a balanced mood, while providing premium antioxidants and PQQ to maintain overall cognitive well-being.
Supports a healthy immune system function and maintains the body's natural defenses.
Supports the brains natural GABA pathways to help quiet an overactive mind, promote mental tranquility, and reduce the time it takes to fall asleep.
Supports healthy cognitive function, mental focus, and nervous system health.
Supports healthy endocrine function and helps to maintain optimal cellular and hormonal balance during the rest cycle.
Formulated to support the HPA-AXIS to help modulate the body's natural stress response and encourages evening physical and mental relaxation.
Bio-optimised nutrition requires the right dose at the right time. By mapping each active ingredient and its specific quantity against established RDIs and targeted outcomes, you can see exactly how the element³ protocol builds your daily foundation. No fillers, no pixie-dusting — just precise, functional nutrition.
Each bar shows % of recommended daily intake
| Ingredient | element³ Dose | RDI / Reg. Max | % of RDI | Est. Typical Diet |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calming botanicals & amino acids | ||||
| Enzogenol® Pine (Pinus Radiata) Bark Extract | 60 mg | 20–450 mg/day | 30% | ~0 |
| Minerals | ||||
| Calcium (as Aquamin™ Calcium, Marine Algae Lithothamnion sp.) | 200 mg | 1,000 mg/day | 20% | ~700–850 mg ↓ |
| Iron (as Ferrous Fumarate) | 9 mg | 18 mg/day | 50% | ~9–10 mg ↓ |
| Selenium (as Selenomethionine) | 60 µg | 60 µg/day | 100% | ~55–65 µg |
| Vitamins | ||||
| Vitamin A (as Retinol Acetate) | 700 µg | 0.7 mg/day | 100% | ~0.6–0.75 mg |
| Vitamin B1 (as Thiamine Hydrochloride) | 1.1 mg | 1.1 mg/day | 100% | ~1.1–1.4 mg |
| Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin) | 2.4 µg | 2.4 µg/day | 100% | ~3–4 µg |
| Vitamin B2 (as Riboflavin) | 1.1 mg | 1.1 mg/day | 100% | ~1.2–1.5 mg |
| Vitamin B3 (as Niacinamide) | 14 mg | 14 mg NE/day | 100% | ~20–25 mg |
| Vitamin B5 (as D-Calcium Pantothenate) | 4 mg | 4 mg AI/day | 100% | ~4–6 mg |
| Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate) | 1.5 mg | 1.3 mg/day | 100% | ~1.0–1.2 mg ↓ |
| D-Biotin | 25 µg | 25 µg AI/day | 100% | ~25–35 µg |
| Folate (as L-Methylfolate Calcium) | 400 µg | 400 µg DFE/day | 100% | ~280–350 µg ↓ |
| Vitamin C (as Ascorbic Acid) | 45 mg | 45 mg/day | 100% | ~80–120 mg |
| Vitamin D3 (as Cholecalciferol) | 10 µg | 10 µg AI/day | 100% | ~3 µg ↓ |
| Vitamin E (as D-Alpha Tocopheryl Acetate) | 7 mg | 7 mg α-TE/day | 100% | ~6–7 mg |
| Vitamin K2 (as Menaquinone MK-7) | 60 µg | 60 µg AI/day | 100% | ~5–15 µg ↓ |
| Nutraceuticals | ||||
| NMN (β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) | 250 mg | 250–500 mg/day | 50% | ~0 mg |
| PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium) | 20 mg | 20–22 mg/day | 100% | ~0.1–0.3 mg ↓ |
| Trans-Resveratrol | 75 mg | 75–1,000 mg/day | 10% | ~2–8 mg ↓ |
| Probiotics & Prebiotics | ||||
| Sunfiber® Prebiotic Guar Gum Fibre | 3000 mg | 5,000–21,000 mg | 25% | ~2,000–5,000 mg |
| Ingredient | element³ Dose | RDI / Reg. Max | % of RDI | Est. Typical Diet |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calming botanicals & amino acids | ||||
| Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Extract (Sensoril®)⚠ | 125 mg | 125–250 mg/day | 50% | ~0 |
| Hops (Humulus lupulus) Extract | 20 mg | 60–500 mg DHE | 20% | ~0 |
| Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) Extract | 225 mg | 300–900 mg DHE | 50% | ~0 |
| Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) Extract | 6.3 mg | 250–2,000 mg DHE | 10% | ~0 |
| Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) root Extract | 160 mg | 300–600 mg DHE | 30% | ~0 |
| Minerals | ||||
| Magnesium (as Magnesium Citrate) | 80 mg | 320 mg/day | 25% | ~200–250 mg ↓ |
| Zinc (as Amino Acid Chelate) | 8 mg | 8 mg/day | 100% | ~7–9 mg |
| Nutraceuticals | ||||
| L-Theanine | 200 mg | 100–400 mg/day | 50% | ~20–50 mg ↓ |
Every ingredient in the element³ protocol was selected on the strength of peer-reviewed research. Browse the full library of clinical studies, mechanistic papers, and meta-analyses that informed each formulation choice.
| Study | Citation | Active Ingredient | Key Finding | Read |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chronic nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation elevates blood nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels and alters muscle function in healthy older men | Igarashi, M., Nakagawa-Nagahama, Y., Miura, M., Kashiwabara, K., Yaku, K., Sawada, M., Sekine, R., Fukamizu, Y., Sato, T., Sakurai, T., Sato, J., Ino, K., Kubota, N., Nakagawa, T., Kadowaki, T., & Yamauchi, T. (2022). Chronic nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation elevates blood nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels and alters muscle function in healthy older men. npj Aging, 8(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-022-00084-z | NMN (β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) | 12 weeks of NMN significantly increased whole-blood NAD+ and improved measures of muscular function (gait, grip) in healthy older men. | Read → |
| Clinical evaluation of changes in biomarkers by oral intake of NMN | Morita, Y., Izawa, H., Hirano, A., Mayumi, E., & Iwakawa, S. (2022). Clinical evaluation of changes in biomarkers by oral intake of NMN. Glycative Stress Research, 9(2), 33–41. | NMN (β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) | Eight weeks of oral NMN modulated biomarkers of NAD+ metabolism and oxidative stress in healthy adults. | Read → |
| Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism and arterial stiffness after long-term nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | Katayoshi, T., Uehata, S., Nakashima, N., Nakajo, T., Kitajima, N., Kageyama, M., & Tsuji-Naito, K. (2023). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism and arterial stiffness after long-term nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 2786. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-29787-3 | NMN (β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) | Long-term NMN supplementation increased blood NAD+ and was associated with reduced arterial stiffness in middle-aged adults. | Read → |
| The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial | Yi, L., Maier, A. B., Tao, R., Lin, Z., Vaidya, A., Pendse, S., Thasma, S., Andhalkar, N., Avhad, G., & Kumbhar, V. (2023). The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: A randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial. GeroScience, 45(1), 29–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-022-00705-1 | NMN (β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) | 60 days of NMN dose-dependently raised blood NAD+ and improved performance on a six-minute walk test and SF-36 physical scores in healthy middle-aged adults. | Read → |
| The Safety and Antiaging Effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide in Human Clinical Trials: an Update | Song, Q., Zhou, X., Xu, K., Liu, S., Zhu, X., & Yang, J. (2023). The safety and antiaging effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide in human clinical trials: An update. Advances in Nutrition, 14(6), 1416–1435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2023.08.008 | NMN (β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) | Updated systematic review of human NMN trials reporting consistent increases in NAD+ and benefits across aerobic capacity, sleep and cardiometabolic markers. | Read → |
| Effect of Dietary Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium Salt on Cognitive Function in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study | Shiojima, Y., Takahashi, M., Takahashi, R., Moriyama, H., Bagchi, D., Bagchi, M., & Akanuma, M. (2022). Effect of dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt on cognitive function in healthy volunteers: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Journal of the American Nutrition Association, 41(8), 796–809. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2021.1962770 | PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium) | 12 weeks of PQQ supplementation significantly improved composite cognitive performance scores compared with placebo in healthy adults. | Read → |
| Effects of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium Salt Intake on the Serum Cholesterol Levels of Healthy Japanese Adults | Nakano, M., Kawasaki, Y., Suzuki, N., & Takara, T. (2015). Effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt intake on the serum cholesterol levels of healthy Japanese adults. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 61(3), 233–240. https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.61.233 | PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium) | PQQ supplementation produced reductions in LDL cholesterol in healthy Japanese adults relative to placebo. | Read → |
| The effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt on brain function and physiological processes | Ikemoto, K., Mohamad Ishak, N. S., & Akagawa, M. (2024). The effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt on brain function and physiological processes. Journal of Medical Investigation, 71(1.2), 23–28. https://doi.org/10.2152/jmi.71.23 | PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium) | Review of mechanistic and clinical evidence describing PQQ's effects on mitochondrial biogenesis, sleep quality and cognition. | Read → |
| Effects of Oral Supplementation with Pyrroloquinoline Quinone on Stress, Fatigue, and Sleep | Nakano, M., Yamamoto, T., Okamura, H., Tsuda, A., & Kowatari, Y. (2012). Effects of oral supplementation with pyrroloquinoline quinone on stress, fatigue, and sleep. Functional Foods in Health and Disease, 2(8), 307–324. | PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium) | Eight weeks of PQQ improved scores for sleep quality, fatigue and tension/depression on validated mood instruments. | Read → |
| Effects of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) Supplementation on Aerobic Exercise Performance and Indices of Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Untrained Men | Hwang, P. S., Machek, S. B., Cardaci, T. D., Wilburn, D. T., Kim, C. S., Suezaki, E. S., & Willoughby, D. S. (2020). Effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) supplementation on aerobic exercise performance and indices of mitochondrial biogenesis in untrained men. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 39(6), 547–556. | PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium) | PQQ supplementation produced trends toward improved aerobic performance and increases in markers of mitochondrial biogenesis in untrained men. | Read → |
| Recent progress in studies on the health benefits of pyrroloquinoline quinone | Akagawa, M., Nakano, M., & Ikemoto, K. (2016). Recent progress in studies on the health benefits of pyrroloquinoline quinone. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 80(1), 13–22. | PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium) | Review of mechanistic and clinical research on PQQ as a vitamin-like accessory factor with antioxidant and mitochondrial effects. | Read → |
| Improved cognitive performance after dietary supplementation with a Pinus radiata bark extract Formulation | Pipingas, A., Silberstein, R. B., Vitetta, L., Rooy, C. V., Harris, E. V., Young, J. M., Frampton, C. M., Sali, A., & Nastasi, J. (2008). Improved cognitive performance after dietary supplementation with a Pinus radiata bark extract formulation. Phytotherapy Research, 22(9), 1168–1174. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2388 | Enzogenol® Pine (Pinus Radiata) Bark Extract | Five weeks of Enzogenol® supplementation significantly improved spatial working memory and reaction time in middle-aged adults compared with placebo. | Read → |
| Article Effects of flavonoid extract Enzogenol((R)) with vitamin C on protein oxidation and DNA damage in older human subjects | Senthilmohan, S. T., Zhang, J., & Stanley, R. A. (2003). Effects of flavonoid extract Enzogenol with vitamin C on protein oxidation and DNA damage in older human subjects. Nutrition Research, 23(9), 1199–1210. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(03)00126-3 | Enzogenol® Pine (Pinus Radiata) Bark Extract | Enzogenol with vitamin C significantly reduced markers of protein and DNA oxidative damage in older adults relative to placebo. | Read → |
| Influence of age and dose on the effect of resveratrol for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis | García-Martínez, B. I., Ruiz-Ramos, M., Pedraza-Chaverri, J., Santiago-Osorio, E., & Mendoza-Núñez, V. M. (2022). Influence of age and dose on the effect of resveratrol for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Molecules, 27(16), 5232. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27165232 | Trans-Resveratrol | Meta-analysis showed resveratrol supplementation produced statistically significant improvements in fasting glucose and HbA1c, with effects modulated by age and dose. | Read → |
| Low dose resveratrol improves cerebrovascular function in type 2 diabetes mellitus | Wong, R. H. X., Nealon, R. S., Scholey, A., & Howe, P. R. C. (2016). Low dose resveratrol improves cerebrovascular function in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 26(5), 393–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2016.03.003 | Trans-Resveratrol | Acute low-dose resveratrol significantly improved cerebrovascular responsiveness and neurovascular coupling. | Read → |
| Effect of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract on sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis | Cheah, K. L., Norhayati, M. N., Husniati Yaacob, L., & Abdul Rahman, R. (2021). Effect of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract on sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 16(9), e0257843. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257843 | Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Extract (Sensoril®) | Meta-analysis of five RCTs showed ashwagandha significantly improved overall sleep quality, sleep onset latency and sleep efficiency vs placebo. | Read → |
| Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) Root Extract in Improving Memory and Cognitive Functions | Choudhary, D., Bhattacharyya, S., & Bose, S. (2017). Efficacy and safety of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) root extract in improving memory and cognitive functions. Journal of Dietary Supplements, 14(6), 599–612. https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2017.1284970 | Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Extract (Sensoril®) | Eight weeks of ashwagandha significantly improved memory, executive function and attention vs placebo in adults with mild cognitive impairment. | Read → |
| A Prospective, Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Safety and Efficacy of a High-Concentration Full-Spectrum Extract of Ashwagandha Root in Reducing Stress and Anxiety in Adults | Chandrasekhar, K., Kapoor, J., & Anishetty, S. (2012). A prospective, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of safety and efficacy of a high-concentration full-spectrum extract of ashwagandha root in reducing stress and anxiety in adults. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 34(3), 255–262. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.106022 | Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Extract (Sensoril®) | 60 days of ashwagandha significantly reduced perceived stress, serum cortisol and anxiety scores vs placebo. | Read → |
| A Standardized Withania Somnifera Extract Significantly Reduces Stress-Related Parameters in Chronically Stressed Humans: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study | Auddy, B., Hazra, J., Mitra, A., Abedon, B., & Ghosal, S. (2008). A standardized Withania somnifera extract significantly reduces stress-related parameters in chronically stressed humans: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Journal of the American Nutraceutical Association, 11(1), 50–56. | Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Extract (Sensoril®) | Standardised Sensoril® reduced biochemical and psychological stress markers (cortisol, CRP, fatigue) in chronically stressed adults. | Read → |
| An investigation into the stress-relieving and pharmacological actions of an ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study | Lopresti, A. L., Smith, S. J., Malvi, H., & Kodgule, R. (2019). An investigation into the stress-relieving and pharmacological actions of an ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Medicine, 98(37), e17186. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000017186 | Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Extract (Sensoril®) | 60 days of ashwagandha significantly reduced morning cortisol, DHEA-S and Hamilton Anxiety Scale scores in adults with self-reported high stress. | Read → |
| Adaptogenic and Anxiolytic Effects of Ashwagandha Root Extract in Healthy Adults: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Clinical Study | Salve, J., Pate, S., Debnath, K., & Langade, D. (2019). Adaptogenic and anxiolytic effects of ashwagandha root extract in healthy adults: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study. Cureus, 11(12), e6466. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.6466 | Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Extract (Sensoril®) | Eight weeks of ashwagandha significantly reduced perceived stress and morning cortisol vs placebo in healthy adults. | Read → |
| Does Ashwagandha supplementation have a beneficial effect on the management of anxiety and stress? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials | Akhgarjand, C., Asoudeh, F., Bagheri, A., Kalantar, Z., Vahabi, Z., Shab-Bidar, S., Rezvani, H., & Djafarian, K. (2022). Does Ashwagandha supplementation have a beneficial effect on the management of anxiety and stress? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytotherapy Research, 36(11), 4115–4124. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7598 | Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Extract (Sensoril®) | Meta-analysis of 12 RCTs found ashwagandha significantly reduced anxiety and stress scores compared with placebo. | Read → |
| Effect of standardized aqueous extract of Withania somnifera on tests of cognitive and psychomotor performance in healthy human participants | Pingali, U., Pilli, R., & Fatima, N. (2014). Effect of standardized aqueous extract of Withania somnifera on tests of cognitive and psychomotor performance in healthy human participants. Pharmacognosy Research, 6(1), 12–18. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.122912 | Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Extract (Sensoril®) | Acute and 14-day ashwagandha significantly improved reaction time and psychomotor performance in healthy adults. | Read → |
| Clinical evaluation of the pharmacological impact of ashwagandha root extract on sleep in healthy volunteers and insomnia patients: A double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study | Langade, D., Thakare, V., Kanchi, S., & Kelgane, S. (2021). Clinical evaluation of the pharmacological impact of ashwagandha root extract on sleep in healthy volunteers and insomnia patients: A double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 264, 113276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113276 | Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Extract (Sensoril®) | 10 weeks of ashwagandha significantly improved actigraphy-measured sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency and total sleep time vs placebo. | Read → |
| Effects of Withania somnifera extract in chronically stressed adults: A randomized controlled trial. | Pandit, S., Srivastav, A. K., Sur, T. K., Chaudhuri, S., Wang, Y., & Biswas, T. K. (2024). Effects of Withania somnifera extract in chronically stressed adults: A randomized controlled trial. Nutrients, 16(9), 1293. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091293 | Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Extract (Sensoril®) | Daily ashwagandha extract reduced perceived stress, anxiety, fatigue and serum cortisol in chronically stressed adults vs placebo. | Read → |
| Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha Root Extract in Subclinical Hypothyroid Patients: A Double-Blind, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial | Sharma, A. K., Basu, I., & Singh, S. (2018). Efficacy and safety of ashwagandha root extract in subclinical hypothyroid patients: A double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 24(3), 243–248. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2017.0183 | Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Extract (Sensoril®) | Eight weeks of ashwagandha normalised TSH, T3 and T4 levels in adults with subclinical hypothyroidism vs placebo. | Read → |
| Safety and Efficacy of Ashwagandha Root Extract on Cognition, Energy and Mood Problems in Adults: Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study | Kale, S., Lopresti, A., Suri, R., Garg, N., & Langade, D. (2024). Safety and efficacy of ashwagandha root extract on cognition, energy and mood problems in adults: A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2024.2424279 | Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Extract (Sensoril®) | Daily ashwagandha significantly improved self-reported cognition, energy and mood compared with placebo over the trial period. | Read → |
| A first prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the use of a standardized hop extract to alleviate menopausal discomforts | Heyerick, A., Vervarcke, S., Depypere, H., Bracke, M., & De Keukeleire, D. (2006). A first prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the use of a standardized hop extract to alleviate menopausal discomforts. Maturitas, 54(2), 164–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2005.10.005 | Hops (Humulus lupulus) Extract | Standardised hop extract significantly reduced the Kupperman menopause index and hot-flash frequency vs placebo. | Read → |
| Effect of a fixed valerian-Hop extract combination (Ze 91019) on sleep polygraphy in patients with non-organic insomnia: a pilot study | Füssel, A., Wolf, A., & Brattström, A. (2000). Effect of a fixed valerian-Hop extract combination (Ze 91019) on sleep polygraphy in patients with non-organic insomnia: A pilot study. European Journal of Medical Research, 5(9), 385–390. | Hops (Humulus lupulus) Extract | Valerian–hop combination significantly improved polysomnographic sleep efficiency and slow-wave sleep in adults with non-organic insomnia. | Read → |
| Effect of a hop extract standardized in 8-prenylnaringenin on bone health and gut microbiome in postmenopausal women with osteopenia: A one-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. | Lecomte, M., Tomassi, D., Rizzoli, R., Tenon, M., Berton, T., Harney, S., & Fança-Berthon, P. (2023). Effect of a hop extract standardized in 8-prenylnaringenin on bone health and gut microbiome in postmenopausal women with osteopenia: A one-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrients, 15(12), 2688. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15122688 | Hops (Humulus lupulus) Extract | 12 months of standardised hop extract attenuated bone loss markers and beneficially modulated the gut microbiome in postmenopausal women. | Read → |
| The effect of Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) on early menopausal symptoms and hot flashes: A randomized placebo-controlled trial | Aghamiri, V., Mirghafourvand, M., Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, S., & Nazemiyeh, H. (2016). The effect of Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) on early menopausal symptoms and hot flashes: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 23, 130–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2015.05.001 | Hops (Humulus lupulus) Extract | Hop extract significantly reduced hot-flash frequency and early menopausal symptom scores vs placebo. | Read → |
| Hops (Humulus lupulus) Extract | Read → | |||
| A Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study to Investigate the Efficacy of a Single Dose of AlphaWave® l-Theanine on Stress in a Healthy Adult Population | Evans, M., McDonald, A. C., Xiong, L., Crowley, D. C., & Guthrie, N. (2021). A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study to investigate the efficacy of a single dose of AlphaWave® L-theanine on stress in a healthy adult population. Neurology and Therapy, 10(2), 1061–1078. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40120-021-00284-x | L-Theanine | A single 200 mg dose of L-theanine significantly reduced stress response (salivary cortisol and self-reported state anxiety) following a stress challenge. | Read → |
| The Effects of Green Tea Amino Acid L-Theanine Consumption on the Ability to Manage Stress and Anxiety Levels: a Systematic Review | Williams, J. L., Everett, J. M., D'Cunha, N. M., Sergi, D., Georgousopoulou, E. N., Keegan, R. J., McKune, A. J., Mellor, D. D., Anstice, N., & Naumovski, N. (2020). The effects of green tea amino acid L-theanine consumption on the ability to manage stress and anxiety levels: A systematic review. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 75(1), 12–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-019-00771-5 | L-Theanine | Systematic review of clinical trials concluded L-theanine generally reduces self-reported stress and anxiety in adults. | Read → |
| Pilot trial of Melissa officinalis L. leaf extract in the treatment of volunteers suffering from mild-to-moderate anxiety disorders and sleep disturbances | Cases, J., Ibarra, A., Feuillère, N., Roller, M., & Sukkar, S. G. (2011). Pilot trial of Melissa officinalis L. leaf extract in the treatment of volunteers suffering from mild-to-moderate anxiety disorders and sleep disturbances. Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 4(3), 211–218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12349-010-0045-4 | Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) Extract | 15 days of standardised lemon balm reduced anxiety symptoms by 18% and insomnia by 42% in adults with mild-to-moderate anxiety and sleep disturbance. | Read → |
| Attenuation of Laboratory-Induced Stress in Humans After Acute Administration of Melissa officinalis (Lemon Balm) | Kennedy, D. O., Little, W., & Scholey, A. B. (2004). Attenuation of laboratory-induced stress in humans after acute administration of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm). Psychosomatic Medicine, 66(4), 607–613. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.psy.0000132877.72833.71 | Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) Extract | Acute lemon balm significantly attenuated negative mood effects of a laboratory stress test and increased self-rated calmness. | Read → |
| Clinical efficacy and tolerability of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) in psychological well-being: A review. | Mathews, I. M., Eastwood, J., Lamport, D. J., Cozannet, R. L., Fanca-Berthon, P., & Williams, C. M. (2024). Clinical efficacy and tolerability of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) in psychological well-being: A review. Nutrients, 16(20), 3545. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16203545 | Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) Extract | Review of clinical evidence concluded lemon balm has consistent anxiolytic and mood-supporting effects across trials, with a favourable tolerability profile. | Read → |
| Passiflora incarnata in neuropsychiatric disorders — A systematic review. | Janda, K., Wojtkowska, K., Jakubczyk, K., Antoniewicz, J., & Skonieczna-Żydecka, K. (2020). Passiflora incarnata in neuropsychiatric disorders — A systematic review. Nutrients, 12(12), 3894. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123894 | Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) Extract | Systematic review concluded passionflower has anxiolytic and sleep-promoting effects across clinical trials, with a favourable safety profile. | Read → |
| Effects of Passiflora incarnata Linnaeus on polysomnographic sleep parameters in subjects with insomnia disorder: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study | Lee, J., Jung, H. Y., Lee, S. I., Choi, J. H., & Kim, S. G. (2020). Effects of Passiflora incarnata Linnaeus on polysomnographic sleep parameters in subjects with insomnia disorder: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 35(1), 29–35. https://doi.org/10.1097/YIC.0000000000000291 | Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) Extract | Two weeks of passionflower significantly improved polysomnography-measured total sleep time and sleep efficiency in adults with insomnia disorder vs placebo. | Read → |
| Aqueous extract of valerian root (Valeriana officinalis L.) improves sleep quality in man | Leathwood, P. D., Chauffard, F., Heck, E., & Munoz-Box, R. (1982). Aqueous extract of valerian root (Valeriana officinalis L.) improves sleep quality in man. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 17(1), 65–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(82)90264-7 | Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) root Extract | Aqueous valerian root extract significantly reduced subjective sleep latency and improved sleep quality vs placebo. | Read → |
| The effects of valerian root on hot flashes in menopausal women | Mirabi, P., & Mojab, F. (2013). The effects of valerian root on hot flashes in menopausal women. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 12(1), 217–222. | Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) root Extract | Valerian significantly reduced the severity and frequency of hot flashes in menopausal women vs placebo. | Read → |
| Valerian Root in Treating Sleep Problems and Associated Disorders—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis | Shinjyo, N., Waddell, G., & Green, J. (2020). Valerian root in treating sleep problems and associated disorders — A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine, 25, 2515690X20967323. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515690X20967323 | Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) root Extract | Meta-analysis of 60 RCTs concluded valerian significantly improves sleep quality and reduces anxiety-related sleep problems. | Read → |
| https://journals.lww.com/menopausejournal/abstract/2011/09000/effect_of_valerian_on_sleep_quality_in.6.aspx | Taavoni, S., Ekbatani, N., Kashaniyan, M., & Haghani, H. (2011). Effect of valerian on sleep quality in postmenopausal women: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Menopause, 18(9), 951–955. https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e31820e9acf | Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) root Extract | Valerian significantly improved sleep quality on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in postmenopausal women vs placebo. | Read → |
| Effect of repeated consumption of partially hydrolyzed guar gum on fecal characteristics and gut microbiota: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and parallel-group clinical trial | Yasukawa, Z., Inoue, R., Ozeki, M., Okubo, T., Takagi, T., Honda, A., & Naito, Y. (2019). Effect of repeated consumption of partially hydrolyzed guar gum on fecal characteristics and gut microbiota: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and parallel-group clinical trial. Nutrients, 11(9), 2170. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092170 | Sunfiber® Prebiotic Guar Gum Fibre | Daily Sunfiber® normalised stool form and significantly increased beneficial Bifidobacterium and butyrate-producing bacteria in healthy adults. | Read → |
| Prebiotic effects of partially hydrolyzed guar gum on the composition and function of the human microbiota — Results from the PAGODA trial | Reider, S. J., Moosmang, S., Tragust, J., Trgovec-Greif, L., Tragust, S., Perschy, L., Przysiecki, N., Sturm, S., Tilg, H., Stuppner, H., Rattei, T., & Moschen, A. R. (2020). Prebiotic effects of partially hydrolyzed guar gum on the composition and function of the human microbiota — Results from the PAGODA trial. Nutrients, 12(5), 1257. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051257 | Sunfiber® Prebiotic Guar Gum Fibre | Partially hydrolyzed guar gum produced clear prebiotic shifts in microbiome composition and function in a placebo-controlled trial. | Read → |
| Miura, H., Oda, M., Abe, K., Ikeda, H., Fujibayashi, M., Oda, N., Segawa, T., Abe, A., Ueta, N., Tsukahara, T., Takagi, T., Naito, Y., & Inoue, R. (2025). Effects of blackcurrant extract and partially hydrolyzed guar gum intake on gut dysbiosis in male university rugby players. Microorganisms, 13(7), 1561. | Sunfiber® Prebiotic Guar Gum Fibre | Sunfiber® combined with blackcurrant extract attenuated stress-related gut dysbiosis in athletes under heavy training load. | Read → | |
| A natural mineral supplement provides relief from knee osteoarthritis symptoms: a randomized controlled pilot trial | Frestedt, J. L., Walsh, M., Kuskowski, M. A., & Zenk, J. L. (2008). A natural mineral supplement provides relief from knee osteoarthritis symptoms: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Nutrition Journal, 7, 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-7-9 | Calcium (as Aquamin™ Calcium, Marine Algae Lithothamnion sp.) | Aquamin® supplementation reduced WOMAC pain and stiffness scores in adults with osteoarthritis vs placebo over 12 weeks. | Read → |
| Calcium carbonate and the premenstrual syndrome: Effects on premenstrual and menstrual symptoms | Thys-Jacobs, S., Starkey, P., Bernstein, D., & Tian, J. (1998). Calcium carbonate and the premenstrual syndrome: Effects on premenstrual and menstrual symptoms. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 179(2), 444–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9378(98)70377-1 | Calcium (as Aquamin™ Calcium, Marine Algae Lithothamnion sp.) | Daily calcium supplementation significantly reduced overall PMS symptom scores compared with placebo in a large RCT. | Read → |
| Iron supplementation for unexplained fatigue in non-anaemic women: double blind randomised placebo controlled trial | Verdon, F., Burnand, B., Stubi, C. L., Bonard, C., Graff, M., Michaud, A., Bischoff, T., de Vevey, M., Studer, J. P., Herzig, L., Chapuis, C., Tissot, J., Pécoud, A., & Favrat, B. (2003). Iron supplementation for unexplained fatigue in non-anaemic women: Double blind randomised placebo controlled trial. BMJ, 326(7399), 1124. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.326.7399.1124 | Iron (as Ferrous Fumarate) | Iron supplementation significantly reduced fatigue scores in non-anaemic women with low ferritin compared with placebo. | Read → |
| Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trials | Zhang, X., Li, Y., Del Gobbo, L. C., Rosanoff, A., Wang, J., Zhang, W., & Song, Y. (2016). Effects of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: A meta-analysis of randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials. Hypertension, 68(2), 324–333. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07664 | Magnesium (as Magnesium Citrate) | Pooled analysis of 34 RCTs showed magnesium supplementation produced small but significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. | Read → |
| Effect of selenium supplementation on musculoskeletal health in older women: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | Walsh, J. S., Jacques, R. M., Schomburg, L., Hill, T. R., Mathers, J. C., Williams, G. R., & Eastell, R. (2021). Effect of selenium supplementation on musculoskeletal health in older women: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Healthy Longevity, 2(4), e212–e221. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-7568(21)00051-9 | Selenium (as Selenomethionine) | Six months of selenium supplementation significantly improved selenoprotein status in older women, with neutral effects on bone turnover. | Read → |
| Selenium and ocular health in New Zealand | Cai, Z., Zhang, J., & Li, H. (2019). Selenium, aging and aging-related diseases. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 31(8), 1035–1047. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-018-1086-7 | Selenium (as Selenomethionine) | Review of mechanistic and clinical data on selenium's role as a key antioxidant trace element with relevance to age-related diseases. | Read → |
| Zinc as a gatekeeper of immune function. Nutrients, | Wessels, I., Maywald, M., & Rink, L. (2017). Zinc as a gatekeeper of immune function. Nutrients, 9(12), 1286. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9121286 | Zinc (as Amino Acid Chelate) | Comprehensive review describing zinc's role in regulating innate and adaptive immunity, with deficiency impairing immune cell function and inflammation control. | Read → |
| Dietary zinc acts as a sleep modulator. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, | Cherasse, Y., & Urade, Y. (2017). Dietary zinc acts as a sleep modulator. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(11), 2334. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18112334 | Zinc (as Amino Acid Chelate) | Mechanistic review summarising preclinical and clinical evidence that dietary zinc directly modulates non-REM sleep and overall sleep architecture. | Read → |
| Treatment of brittle fingernails and onychoschizia with biotin: scanning electron microscopy | Colombo VE, Gerber F, Bronhofer M, Floersheim GL. Treatment of brittle fingernails and onychoschizia with biotin: scanning electron microscopy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990 Dec;23(6 Pt 1):1127–1132. | D-Biotin | Colombo and colleagues (J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990;23(6 Pt 1):1127–1132) used scanning electron microscopy to objectively assess biotin's effect on brittle nails in women, and found that nail thickness increased significantly by 25% after treatment, with reduced splitting and a more regular nail-surface structure. | Read → |
| Scaglione F, Panzavolta G. Folate, folic acid and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate are not the same thing. Xenobiotica. 2014;44(5):480–488. doi:10.3109/00498254.2013.845705 | Scaglione F, Panzavolta G. Folate, folic acid and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate are not the same thing. Xenobiotica. 2014;44(5):480–488. doi:10.3109/00498254.2013.845705 | Folate (as L-Methylfolate Calcium) | This review distinguishes the three supplemental forms of folate (folic acid, folinic acid, and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate) and makes the case for 5-MTHF as the preferable form. Because 5-MTHF is the metabolically active folate that enters circulation directly, it bypasses the multi-step enzymatic conversion that synthetic folic acid requires. The authors note that 5-MTHF has important advantages over synthetic folic acid, and may prevent potential negative effects of unconverted folic acid in the peripheral circulation. Practically, the form delivers three advantages: using 5-MTHF instead of folic acid reduces the potential for masking haematological symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency, reduces interactions with drugs that inhibit dihydrofolate reductase and overcomes metabolic defects caused by methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism — the last point being the reason the active form reaches people whose MTHFR variants limit their ability to use folic acid. | Read → |
| Review of vitamin A’s role in immune regulation, demonstrating its essential function in T-cell differentiation, IgA production, and barrier immunity. | Huang, Z., Liu, Y., Qi, G., Brand, D., & Zheng, S. G. (2018). Role of vitamin A in the immune system. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 7(9), 258. | Vitamin A (as Retinol Acetate) | Review of vitamin A’s role in immune regulation, demonstrating its essential function in T-cell differentiation, IgA production, and barrier immunity. | Read → |
| Vitamin A, infection, and immune function | Stephensen, C. B. (2001). Vitamin A, infection, and immune function. Annual Review of Nutrition, 21, 167–192. | Vitamin A (as Retinol Acetate) | Comprehensive review establishing that vitamin A deficiency impairs both innate and adaptive immune responses, increasing susceptibility to infection. | Read → |
| The effects of vitamin B1 on ameliorating the premenstrual syndrome symptoms | Abdollahifard, S., Rahmanian Koshkaki, A., & Moazamiyanfar, R. (2014). The effects of vitamin B1 on ameliorating the premenstrual syndrome symptoms. Global Journal of Health Science, 6(6), 144–153. | Vitamin B1 (as Thiamine Hydrochloride) | Vitamin B1 (thiamine) supplementation significantly reduced both mental symptoms (by 35%) and physical symptoms (by 21%) of premenstrual syndrome compared to placebo in a double-blind randomised controlled trial. | Read → |
| Vitamin B12 Fact Sheet for Health Professionals | National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. (2024). Vitamin B12: Health Professional Fact Sheet. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/ | Vitamin B12 (as Methylcobalamin) | Authoritative summary of B12's role in red blood cell formation, DNA synthesis and nervous system function, and the increased likelihood of suboptimal status with age and plant-based diets. | Read → |
| Riboflavin supplements for blood pressure lowering in adults | Wilson, C. P., Ward, M., McNulty, H., Strain, J. J., Trouton, T. G., Horigan, G., Purvis, J., & Scott, J. M. (2012). Riboflavin offers a targeted strategy for managing hypertension in patients with the MTHFR 677TT genotype: a 4-y follow-up. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 95(3), 766–772. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.026245 | Vitamin B2 (as Riboflavin) | Riboflavin supplementation produced a sustained, clinically meaningful reduction in blood pressure in adults with the MTHFR 677TT polymorphism. | Read → |
| Vitamin B3 Fact Sheet for Health Professionals | National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. (2024). Niacin: Health Professional Fact Sheet. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Niacin-HealthProfessional/ | Vitamin B3 (as Niacinamide) | Authoritative review of clinical evidence describing niacin/niacinamide's role in NAD-dependent energy metabolism, skin function and nervous-system support, and recommended intake levels. | Read → |
| Pantothenic Acid Fact Sheet for Health Professionals | National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. (2024). Pantothenic Acid: Health Professional Fact Sheet. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/PantothenicAcid-HealthProfessional/ | Vitamin B5 (as D-Calcium Pantothenate) | Comprehensive evidence summary describing pantothenic acid's role as a precursor of coenzyme A — central to fatty-acid metabolism, adrenal hormone synthesis and energy production. | Read → |
| Evaluating the effect of magnesium and magnesium plus vitamin B6 supplement on the severity of premenstrual syndrome | Fathizadeh, N., Ebrahimi, E., Valiani, M., Tavakoli, N., & Yar, M. H. (2010). Evaluating the effect of magnesium and magnesium plus vitamin B6 supplement on the severity of premenstrual syndrome. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 15(Suppl 1), 401–405. | Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate) | Combined magnesium + vitamin B6 reduced overall PMS severity more than magnesium alone in a placebo-controlled trial. | Read → |
| Efficacy of vitamin B-6 in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: systematic review | Wyatt, K. M., Dimmock, P. W., Jones, P. W., & O'Brien, P. M. (1999). Efficacy of vitamin B-6 in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: systematic review. BMJ, 318(7195), 1375–1381. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.318.7195.1375 | Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate) | Systematic review of randomised trials reported that vitamin B6 was associated with a meaningful improvement in overall PMS and depressive symptoms relative to placebo. | Read → |
| Vitamin C and Immune Function | Carr, A. C., & Maggini, S. (2017). Vitamin C and immune function. Nutrients, 9(11), 1211. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9111211 | Vitamin C (as Ascorbic Acid) | Comprehensive review concluding that adequate vitamin C intake supports innate and adaptive immune cell function and is required for collagen synthesis and antioxidant defence. | Read → |
| Vitamin D Fact Sheet for Health Professionals | National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. (2024). Vitamin D: Health Professional Fact Sheet. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/ | Vitamin D3 (as Cholecalciferol) | Authoritative review of evidence on vitamin D's role in calcium absorption, bone health, immune modulation and mood, including the high prevalence of suboptimal status. | Read → |
| A randomised controlled trial of vitamin E in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea | Ziaei, S., Zakeri, M., & Kazemnejad, A. (2007). A randomised controlled trial of vitamin E in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea. BJOG, 114(2), 232–235. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.01142.x | Vitamin E (as D-Alpha Tocopheryl Acetate) | Vitamin E supplementation significantly reduced the severity and duration of menstrual pain compared with placebo in a randomised trial. | Read → |
| Three-year low-dose menaquinone-7 supplementation helps decrease bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women | Knapen, M. H. J., Drummen, N. E., Smit, E., Vermeer, C., & Theuwissen, E. (2013). Three-year low-dose menaquinone-7 supplementation helps decrease bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis International, 24(9), 2499–2507. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-013-2325-6 | Vitamin K2 (as Menaquinone MK-7) | Three years of MK-7 supplementation significantly reduced bone loss at the lumbar spine and femoral neck in postmenopausal women in a placebo-controlled trial. | Read → |
| The Synergistic Interplay between Vitamins D and K for Bone and Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review | van Ballegooijen, A. J., Pilz, S., Tomaschitz, A., Grübler, M. R., & Verheyen, N. (2017). The synergistic interplay between vitamins D and K for bone and cardiovascular health: A narrative review. International Journal of Endocrinology, 2017, 7454376. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7454376 | Vitamin K2 (as Menaquinone MK-7) | Narrative review of clinical and mechanistic evidence on D3/K2 synergy for calcium handling, vascular health and bone metabolism. | Read → |
